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Antiscalant or Antifoulant is a pretreatment water additive for reverse osmosis system that is highly effective in preventing the membranes from scaling. Before the feed water enters the reverse osmosis membrane, an antiscalant is injected into the water and sent the through the system. The chemicals create a time delay between the bicarbonate and the calcium magnesium. The delay allows the water to pass through the membrane before any chemical reaction, in which scale can form.

Formic Acid also called as methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid. The chemical formula is HCOOH or HCO2H. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. 

Formic acid is a colorless liquid having a pungent, penetrating odor at room temperature. It is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents, and is somewhat soluble in hydrocarbons.

Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda & chemical formula is NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali. Pure sodium hydroxide is a colorless crystalline solid. It is highly soluble in water. NaOH is insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents. Sodium hydroxide is a co-product of chlorine production.